The Little Rock Nine/Integration of Central High
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On September 23, 1957 nine outstanding African American students were allowed to go to Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The reason these African Americans were allowed to go the school was becuase of the Brown v. Board decision. This declared segregation in schools unconstitutional. The local school board of Central High School invited the nine outstanding students to Central High to test integration. President Eisenhower wanted to give the African Americans a chance to attend the school. But, on the other hand, Governor Faubus would do anything to keep the nine out of the school. So, President Eisenhower sent in the Federal Troops to protect the nine. All of the nine students had their own body guard. But, even though all of the nine students had body guards to protect them, the whites still found ways to toture the nine. The whites tortured them in the bathroom, cafeteria and even gym class.
Above is the link for the picture below.
*The Little Rock Nine!
Who were the Little Rock Nine?
~ Ernest Green- He was the first African American to graduate from Central High School (in 1958)! One of the only 3 to graduate from Central High!
~Elizabeth Eckford- She arrived at Central High School alone on September 23, 1957. She had to ignore all of the mean comments thrown out at her. After being spit on and cursed at, a friendly face in the crowd, Grace Lorch, guided Elizabeth Eckford to saftey onto the bus. Elizabeth currently lives in Little Rock, Arkansas.
~Jefferson Thomas- He graduated from Central High School in 1960.
~Dr. Terrence Roberts- He didn't finish school had at Central High, he moved to L.A. to finish school.
~Carlotta Walls Lanier- She was one of the three who graduated from Central High in 1959.
~ Minnijean Brown Trickey- She was exspelled from Central High in 1958. The white students were teasing her, so she dumped a bowl of chili on a white boy and she was exspelled.
~Gloria Ray Karlmark- She graduated form Illinois Technical College.
~Thelma Mothershed- She graduated from college and is now a volunteer in a program for abused women.
~Melba Pattillo Beals- She is now an author and journalist.
~Daisy Bates-She wasn't part of the Little Rock Nine, but she was the President of the NAACP. She held meetings for the nine students and she did everything she could to help them. She was a journalist for the Arkansas Newspapers.
Elizabeth Eckford is one of the nine who most people hear about. Most people know about her because she arrived at Central High alone on the first day of shool. Daisy Bates called a meeting for all of the nine students to meet at her house so they all can go to school together, but the Eckfords didn't have a telephone to receive the message. When Elizabeth arrived, angry mob members spat on her, kicked her, and called her ugly names. Hazel Massery was caught telling her to go back to Africa. A friendly face in the crowd, Grace Lorch, guided Eckford to the bus so that Elizabeth could go home, away from the mean mob members. Hazel and Elizabeth later became friends, but it was hard to apologize and forgive eachother in the process. Would you forgive Hazel?
Ernest Green was one of the other nine who most people hear about. Ernest Green was born on Septmeber 22, 1941. Ernest Green was the first African American to graduate from Central High in 1958. When he got up to get his diploma no one clapped for him. Some reporter asked Ernest what he thought about that. He simply answered that he didn't care, he got what he came to Central High for (his diploma.) Picture of Ernest below.
http://www.galenfrysinger.com/little_rock_central_high.htm
Fun Fact:
The nine students and Daisy Bates was awarded with the Congressional Gold Medal by President Bill Clinton.
Sources
Picture Search-"University of Arkansas Library Search." University of Arkansas. 19 Feb. 2008 <libinfo.uark.edu/.../ integration1957.asp>.
Picture Search-“Little Rock Nine." The Little Rock Nine. 19 Feb. 2008 <http://www.ncs.pvt.k12.va.us/ryerbury/seb/seb.htm>.
Source 1- Raines, Craig. "The Little Rock Nine." Central High 57. 1997. 15 Feb. 2008 <www.centralhigh57.org/The_Little_Rock_Nine.html>.
Source 7- Eyes on the Prize. Perf. Elizabeth Ekford, Ernest Green. Videocassette.
Picture Source- "America's Story." America's Library. 1965. 19 Feb. 2008 <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/dubois/aa_dubois_naacp_1_e.html>.
"Little Rock Nine." Wikipedia. 19 Feb. 2008 Source 2- <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Rock_Nine>.
Source 5-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Eckford
Picture Search-"Library of Congress." Library of Congress. 19 Feb. 2008 <www.loc.gov/exhibits/ civilrights/cr-exhibit.html>.
Picture Search- "History Cooperative." History Cooperative. 19 Feb. 2008 <www.historycooperative.org/.../ 91.4/hall.html>.
Source 3 "On the Front Lines with the Little Rock Nine." PBS. 1998. 21 Feb. 2008 <http://pbskids.org/wayback/civilrights/features_school.html>.
Source 4- Somerlott, Robert. The Little Rock School Desegregation Crisis in American History. 2001.
The Georgia Flag
The Confederate symbol is both positive and negative. The symbol shows our history, but at the same time, it supports our old, Confederate ideas of slavery. The flag was changed in 1956 becuase it offended many people. The symbol reminded many people of the evils of slavery. This topic brought up many arguments between people with different views.
Our flag represents the old "stars and bars", so it keeps the history of Georgia. At the same time, it leaves out the offensive Saint Andrews Cross. Our flag also includes Georiga's symbol, the Peach. Our flag should be the next Georgia flag.
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